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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Designing and Implementing Nervous System Simulations on LEGO Robots
Published on: May 25, 2013
Interaction between the nervous and skeletal systems
Jiajia Xu1,2,3, Zhongmin Zhang2, Junjie Zhao2
1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Abstract:
The skeleton is one of the largest organ systems in the body and is richly innervated by the network of nerves. Peripheral nerves in the skeleton include sensory and sympathetic nerves. Crosstalk between bones and nerves is a hot topic of current research, yet it is not well understood. In this review, we will explore the role of nerves in bone repair and remodeling, as well as summarize the molecular mechanisms by which neurotransmitters regulate osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we discuss the skeleton's role as an endocrine organ that regulates the innervation and function of nerves by secreting bone-derived factors. An understanding of the interactions between nerves and bone can help to prevent and treat bone diseases caused by abnormal innervation or nerve function, develop new strategies for clinical bone regeneration, and improve patient outcomes.
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