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Minimally Invasive Implant Type Electromagnetic Biosensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: In Vivo

Jagannath Malik, Seongmun Kim, Jong Mo Seo

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |September 16, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new durable, implantable electromagnetic sensor offers long-term continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for diabetes management. This highly sensitive sensor accurately tracks blood glucose levels, improving upon current short-term continuous glucose monitoring systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology
    • Diabetes Technology

    Background:

    • Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) are increasingly preferred over self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM).
    • Current commercial CGMS have limited lifespans, lasting only weeks to months.
    • There is a need for durable, long-term glucose monitoring solutions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a durable, highly sensitive, and minimally invasive implantable electromagnetic sensor for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).
    • To develop a sensor capable of tracking minute changes in blood glucose levels (BGL).
    • To assess the sensor's suitability for long-term CGM applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing strong oscillating near-field to detect changes in interstitial fluid (ISF) and blood dielectric permittivity correlated with BGL.

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  • Employing biocompatible packaging material (polyolefin) to minimize foreign body reactions and enhance sensor stability.
  • Evaluating sensor performance in vivo on rodent models using intravenous glucose and insulin tolerance tests.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed sensor demonstrated real-time tracking of blood glucose level (BGL) changes, correlating highly (R² > 0.9) with a commercial blood glucose meter.
    • Biocompatible polyolefin packaging was used, and its thickness effect on sensor sensitivity was examined in vivo.
    • The sensor successfully tracked minute changes in BGL during in vivo experiments.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed electromagnetic sensor is suitable for long-term continuous glucose monitoring applications with high accuracy.
    • The study provides a novel approach for developing long-term CGM systems using implantable electromagnetic sensors.
    • In vivo evaluations confirmed the sensor's excellent ability to track blood glucose level fluctuations.