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Two-layer analytical model for estimation of layer thickness and flow using Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy.

Jingyi Wu1, Syeda Tabassum1, William L Brown1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

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Summary
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This study introduces a two-layer diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) model to measure skull thickness and cerebral blood flow (CBF) simultaneously. The new model accurately estimates these parameters, outperforming conventional methods for brain injury assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF).
  • Current DCS methods often assume a homogenous head, neglecting extracerebral layers like the skull.
  • Skull thickness is critical for understanding brain complications, especially in traumatic brain injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the feasibility of simultaneously extracting skull thickness and cortical blood flow using DCS.
  • To validate a novel two-layer analytical model for this dual-parameter extraction.
  • To compare the performance of the two-layer model against the conventional single-layer model.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and validated a two-layer analytical model with a finite skull layer and a semi-infinite brain cortex layer.
  • Fitted the model for top-layer thickness and bottom-layer flow, keeping other parameters constant.
  • Tested the model using custom two-layer phantoms mimicking skull and brain tissues.

Main Results:

  • The two-layer model accurately estimated skull thickness, showing correlation with expected values across different source-detector distances.
  • The model provided consistent cortical blood flow measurements, irrespective of skull thickness.
  • The conventional single-layer model increasingly underestimated blood flow with greater skull thickness.
  • Uncertainties in optical properties had a minimal impact on the fitted thickness and flow values.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneously extracting skull thickness and blood flow using a two-layer DCS model.
  • The developed model offers a robust and potentially cost-effective approach for bedside assessment.
  • This method could significantly aid in the monitoring of patients with brain complications.