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Incarceration status and cancer mortality: A population-based study.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Criminology

Background:

  • The link between incarceration and cancer survival rates remains under-researched.
  • Previous studies have not fully explored cancer diagnosis timing relative to incarceration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if cancer diagnosis during incarceration or post-release is associated with increased mortality.
  • To compare cancer survival rates between incarcerated, recently released, and never-incarcerated individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based study using linked tumor registry and correctional data (2005-2016).
  • Categorized cancer diagnosis by: during incarceration, within 12 months post-release, or never incarcerated.
  • Analyzed five-year cancer-specific and overall survival rates, adjusting for demographics and cancer stage.

Main Results:

  • Individuals diagnosed during incarceration (0.11%) and within 12 months post-release (0.22%) showed significantly higher five-year cancer-related mortality.
  • Higher all-cause mortality was also observed in both incarcerated and recently released groups.
  • Adjusted Hazard Ratios (AHR) for cancer-related death were 1.39 (incarcerated) and 1.82 (post-release).

Conclusions:

  • Incarceration and the immediate post-release period are linked to elevated cancer mortality risks.
  • These risks are not solely explained by cancer stage at diagnosis.
  • Cancer prevention and treatment strategies must address the unique challenges faced by individuals with a history of incarceration.