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Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information
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Modes and Mechanisms of Pacific Decadal-Scale Variability.

E Di Lorenzo1, T Xu2, Y Zhao3

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|September 16, 2022
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Summary

Pacific decadal-scale variability (PDV) arises from two key dynamical modes: the North Pacific-central Pacific (NP-CP) and Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE). These modes reveal tropical-extratropical teleconnections as crucial drivers of basin-scale PDV.

Keywords:
El Niño–Southern OscillationPacific OceanPacific decadal variabilityclimate changeclimate variabilityocean–atmosphere teleconnections

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Dynamics

Background:

  • Pacific decadal-scale variability (PDV) is traditionally defined by statistical variance patterns.
  • Existing definitions do not fully explain the dynamical processes driving PDV anomalies.
  • Atmospheric and ocean teleconnections, along with coupled feedbacks, influence PDV evolution on various timescales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize past analyses of PDV using an empirical dynamical model.
  • To identify the fundamental dynamical eigenmodes responsible for PDV variance.
  • To elucidate the role of teleconnections in energizing and synchronizing PDV.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an empirical dynamical model from monthly ocean surface anomalies.
  • Utilization of data from several reanalysis products.
  • Analysis of two fundamental low-frequency dynamical eigenmodes: NP-CP and KOE.

Main Results:

  • PDV modes of variance result from two fundamental low-frequency dynamical eigenmodes: North Pacific-central Pacific (NP-CP) and Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE).
  • Two-way tropical-extratropical teleconnection dynamics are identified as primary mechanisms energizing and synchronizing the basin-scale footprint of PDV.
  • The NP-CP mode explains interannual- to decadal-scale variability, while the KOE mode accounts for decadal to multidecadal PDV expression, including South Pacific contributions.

Conclusions:

  • PDV is driven by two distinct dynamical eigenmodes, NP-CP and KOE.
  • Tropical-extratropical teleconnections are central to the dynamics of PDV.
  • Understanding these modes and teleconnections is key to comprehending basin-scale PDV on various timescales.