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Research progress of neoantigens in gynecologic cancers
1Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
Abstract:
The incidence and mortality of gynecological cancers have increased over the past decade. In the absence of effective treatment strategies, many advanced patients develop resistance to conventional therapies and have poor prognosis. Neoantigens have emerged as a novel tumor-specific antigen (TSA) that arises from genomic mutations in tumor cells. With higher immunogenicity than tumor-associated antigens (TAA), they have no risk of developing autoimmune response, leading them an attractive candidate for tumor therapeutic vaccines. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the identification of neoantigens has been gradually improved, and the scope of application of neoantigen vaccines has continued to expand. Combined with other therapies such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or adoptive cell therapy (ACT), the application of neoantigen in gynecological cancers has extended to clinical practice. Here, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical studies of neoantigens in gynecological cancers.
Insights
Neoantigen vaccines show promise for treating gynecological cancers, offering a targeted approach against tumor-specific antigens (TSA) with higher immunogenicity and reduced autoimmune risk compared to traditional therapies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background:
- Gynecological cancer incidence and mortality are rising, with advanced stages often resistant to conventional treatments.
- Neoantigens, derived from tumor-specific genomic mutations, are highly immunogenic and lack autoimmune risks, making them ideal for therapeutic vaccines.
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has improved neoantigen identification, expanding their therapeutic applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review preclinical and clinical studies on neoantigens in gynecological cancers.
- To highlight the potential of neoantigen vaccines as a novel therapeutic strategy.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical research on neoantigens in gynecological cancers.
- Analysis of clinical trial data involving neoantigen-based therapies.
- Examination of combination strategies with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT).
Main Results:
- Neoantigens demonstrate superior immunogenicity over tumor-associated antigens (TAA).
- Neoantigen vaccines are being explored in combination with ICIs and ACT for gynecological cancers.
- The application of neoantigen-based therapies has progressed into clinical practice for these cancers.
Conclusions:
- Neoantigens represent a promising avenue for gynecological cancer treatment due to their specificity and immunogenicity.
- Combination therapies involving neoantigens are advancing the clinical management of gynecological malignancies.
- Further research into neoantigen vaccines could lead to improved patient outcomes in gynecological oncology.
