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Schistosome secretomes.

Patrick J Skelly1, Akram A Da'dara1

  • 1Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.

Acta Tropica
|September 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schistosome parasites secrete various biomolecules, including proteases and immune-modulating proteins, aiding their survival and potentially offering therapeutic avenues for other diseases.

Keywords:
Excretion/secretionExtracellular vesicleHost-parasite interactionSchistosoma

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology and immunology
  • Molecular biology of parasitic worms
  • Biochemistry of secreted proteins

Background:

  • Schistosomes are blood flukes infecting millions globally, surviving in hosts via secreted biomolecules.
  • Understanding these secretions is key to deciphering parasite survival and host interactions.
  • Parasite excretions/secretions (ES) contain diverse proteins with significant biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the protein composition of schistosome excretions/secretions (ES).
  • To highlight key proteins involved in host invasion, immune modulation, and survival.
  • To explore potential therapeutic applications of schistosome-derived biomolecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on schistosome ES protein composition.
  • Analysis of identified proteins, including enzymes, binding proteins, and cytosolic components.
  • Examination of protein functions in host-parasite interactions and potential disease applications.

Main Results:

  • Cercarial ES includes elastase (SmCE) for invasion and Sm16 impacting host cells.
  • Egg ES features IPSE and omega-1, inducing Th2 immune responses, and SmCKBP modulating cytokines.
  • Unexpectedly abundant cytosolic proteins (e.g., glycolytic enzymes, heat shock proteins) are found in ES, possibly via extracellular vesicles (EVs).
  • Some ES proteins may have moonlighting functions, like inhibiting blood clotting, while others indicate worm damage.

Conclusions:

  • Schistosome ES comprises a complex mixture of proteins critical for parasite survival and host manipulation.
  • Secreted proteins like IPSE, omega-1, and SmCE play roles in immune responses and invasion.
  • The presence of cytosolic proteins in ES suggests novel secretion mechanisms (e.g., EVs) or functions.
  • Bioactive schistosome ES proteins are being investigated as therapeutics for non-parasitic diseases.