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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

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What are the prospects for durable immune control?

J D Lelievre1, J Bauer2

  • 1Immunologie clinique et maladies infectieuses, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France.

Infectious Diseases Now
|September 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Immune memory against SARS-CoV-2 relies on germinal centers (GCs) for durable protection. These GCs, crucial for generating memory B cells, persist for months after infection or vaccination, though their longevity varies.

Keywords:
Immune controlImmune memoryNeutralizing antibodiesSARS CoV-2Vaccine immunogenicity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins block viral entry.
  • Cellular immunity, involving CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, controls viremia during infection.
  • Immune memory longevity depends on viral characteristics and exposure route.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of germinal centers in SARS-CoV-2 immune memory.
  • To understand the persistence and function of germinal centers post-infection and vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
  • Assessment of germinal center formation and persistence.
  • Evaluation of memory B cell generation and antibody durability.

Main Results:

  • Germinal centers are critical for generating long-lasting immunity through affinity-matured plasma and memory B cells.
  • Germinal centers can persist for up to 30 weeks post-vaccination and several months post-infection.
  • Significant heterogeneity exists in the duration of vaccination-induced germinal center responses.

Conclusions:

  • Germinal center dynamics are central to establishing and maintaining SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
  • Understanding germinal center persistence is key to predicting durable protection.
  • Variability in germinal center response longevity necessitates further research for optimized vaccine strategies.