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Behavioral pathways to private well risk mitigation: A structural equation modeling approach.

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Homeowners managing private wells need to understand how self-efficacy influences their actions. This study shows perceived self-efficacy is key for water supply management and risk reduction behaviors, especially after extreme weather events.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Complex risks like private groundwater contamination require long-term strategies, including seasonal hazard assessments.
  • In Ireland, many rural households rely on unregulated private wells, making behavior change crucial for preventing waterborne illnesses.
  • Understanding behavioral predictors for private well management is vital, yet factors like extreme weather event (EWE) risk perception and self-efficacy remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the relationships between behavioral predictors and key water supply management behaviors among private well owners in Ireland.
  • To explore the roles of extreme weather event (EWE) risk perception and self-efficacy in influencing these behaviors.
  • To investigate how demographic factors, such as household vulnerability, affect risk mitigation actions.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide survey of 560 private well owners in the Republic of Ireland was conducted.
  • Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the pathways between cognitive and demographic variables and three key behaviors: information seeking, post-EWE action, and well testing.
  • Optimal models were developed to assess the direct and indirect effects of predictors on behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Perceived self-efficacy was a significant driver for all three behaviors (information seeking, post-EWE action, well testing).
  • Self-efficacy had the strongest indirect effect on post-EWE actions and the strongest direct and total effect on well testing.
  • Presence of vulnerable household members (infants/elderly) negatively impacted post-EWE actions, while self-efficacy influenced risk perception and supply awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived self-efficacy is a critical cognitive factor mediating private water supply management behaviors.
  • Demographic variables, particularly residential and age-related factors, significantly influence risk mitigation strategies.
  • Findings provide a basis for developing targeted, risk-based interventions to improve private well water safety and management.