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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

119
Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

313
The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
313
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
198
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

1.5K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

180
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
180
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

282
Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
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Insomnia.

Michael L Perlis1, Donn Posner2, Dieter Riemann3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia, offering durable long-term effects. Combining CBT-I with medication may speed initial response but could reduce long-term benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Insomnia affects up to 50% of primary care patients.
  • Insomnia is a risk factor for other medical and mental health disorders.
  • The American College of Physicians recommends insomnia treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and risk-benefit profiles of insomnia treatments.
  • To compare cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with pharmacological interventions.
  • To evaluate the impact of combined CBT-I and medication on treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current insomnia treatment guidelines and research.
  • Comparative analysis of CBT-I and pharmacological treatments for insomnia.
  • Examination of studies on combined CBT-I and medication approaches.

Main Results:

  • CBT-I is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia.
  • Both CBT-I and pharmacological treatments show similar acute effects.
  • CBT-I demonstrates durable long-term effects post-treatment, unlike medications.
  • Combined treatment may hasten response but potentially reduce long-term durability.

Conclusions:

  • CBT-I is the preferred treatment for insomnia due to its lasting effects.
  • Pharmacological treatments lack a clear consensus on efficacy and risk-benefit.
  • Combined therapy offers a potential trade-off between speed of response and long-term durability.