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Cutaneous and Mucosal Conditions Associated With Cocaine Use.

A Sánchez-Puigdollers1, M Just-Sarobé1, L Pastor-Jané1

  • 1Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, España.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cocaine and adulterants like levamisole cause skin and mouth issues, including vasculitis and ischemic problems. Autoimmune markers like antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) may be present, but systemic symptoms are rare.

Keywords:
Anticuerpos anticitoplasma de los neutrófilos ANCAAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated (ANCAs)CocaineCocaine-induced midline destructive lesionsCocaínaCutáneasLesiones destructivas de la línea media inducidas por cocaínaLevamisolLevamisoleSkinVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Cocaine use is linked to various cutaneous and mucosal conditions.
  • Adulterants such as levamisole can exacerbate these manifestations.
  • These conditions often present with autoimmune-related serological findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical, serologic, and histologic features of cocaine-associated skin and mucosal conditions.
  • To explore pathophysiologic mechanisms, differential diagnoses, and treatments.
  • To highlight the association with autoimmune markers like ANCAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations.
  • Analysis of serological findings (antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, ANCAs).
  • Histopathological examination of vascular changes.

Main Results:

  • Common manifestations include ischemic complications, neutrophilic dermatoses, midline destructive lesions, and ANCA-associated vasculitis.
  • Serological tests can show positive antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, and various ANCAs.
  • Histology typically reveals leukocytoclastic vasculitis, necrotizing vasculitis, and thrombi.

Conclusions:

  • Cocaine and levamisole induce diverse cutaneous and mucosal issues, often mimicking autoimmune diseases.
  • Characteristic serological and histological findings aid in diagnosis.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for appropriate management.