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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Computing the Effects of a Local Radiofrequency Hyperthermia Intervention on Tumor Biomechanics
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Targeting Tumor Physical Microenvironment for Improved Radiotherapy.

Jin Wang1,2, Yulong Han2,3, Yuan Li2,4

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.

Small Methods
|September 18, 2022
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Tumor microenvironment biophysical cues significantly impact cancer radiotherapy resistance. Targeting these cues offers new strategies to improve radiotherapy efficacy and overcome treatment challenges.

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cancer mechanotransductionmechanical microenvironmentsmechanomedicineradioresistance

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Biophysics: Investigating the interplay between physical forces and cancer biology.

Background:

  • Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but resistance remains a significant clinical hurdle.
  • Biophysical cues within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are increasingly recognized as critical factors influencing cancer progression and treatment response.
  • Understanding these cues is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Approach:

  • This review examines four key biophysical cues: extracellular matrix (ECM) microarchitecture, ECM stiffness, interstitial fluid pressure, and solid stress.
  • It explores their mechanisms in promoting radiotherapy resistance and how they change following treatment.
  • The paper also summarizes emerging strategies that target TME biophysical properties to enhance radiotherapy.

Key Points:

  • Specific biophysical cues like ECM stiffness and interstitial fluid pressure directly contribute to radiotherapy resistance.
  • Radiotherapy itself can alter these TME biophysical characteristics, potentially creating feedback loops that affect treatment outcomes.
  • Micro/nanotechnologies and biomaterials offer new avenues for modulating the TME's physical landscape.

Conclusions:

  • Biophysical cues in the TME are crucial determinants of radiotherapy resistance.
  • Targeting these physical factors presents a promising approach to overcome resistance and improve cancer treatment efficacy.