The prevalence and risk factors for congenital hearing loss in neonates: A birth cohort study based on CHALLENGE
Xin Zhou1, Liming Wang2, Feng Jin3
1Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Insights
Congenital hearing loss affects 3.43‰ of neonates in China. Key risk factors include craniofacial anomalies and NICU admission, though some risks have decreased with better medical care.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal health
- Audiology
- Public health
Background:
- Congenital hearing loss (HL) is a significant concern in newborns.
- Understanding prevalence and risk factors is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and identify risk factors of congenital hearing loss (HL) in neonates.
- Utilize data from the China Longitudinal Environmental, Genetic, and Economic Cohort (CHALLENGE).
Main Methods:
- Collected maternal and neonatal data from July 2018 to September 2020.
- Conducted universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) on 7287 neonates.
- Performed audiological diagnosis for neonates who did not pass screening and rescreening.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of congenital HL was 3.43‰; temporary HL was 0.07‰.
- Identified risk factors for congenital HL: craniofacial anomalies, NICU admission, family history, and advanced maternal age (AMA).
- Specific risk factors linked to sensorineural HL (SNHL) and conductive HL (CHL) were also identified.
Conclusions:
- Common risk factors for congenital HL align with previous research.
- Improved medical treatment and prenatal care may be mitigating some previously identified risk factors.
- This study provides insights into congenital HL prevalence in China and informs future research.
Objectives:
To determine the prevalence and risk factors of congenital hearing loss (HL) in neonates based on China Longitudinal Environmental, Genetic, and Economic Cohort (CHALLENGE cohort).
Methods:
Maternal and neonatal data were collected based on the CHALLENGE cohort study from July 2018 to September 2020. Total 7287 neonates underwent the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). Babies who did not pass the initial screening and the rescreening were given the formal audiological diagnosis for possible HL. The data was analyzed to find out the prevalence and risk factors for congenital HL in this cohort study.
Results:
The prevalence of congenital HL was 3.43‰, and temporary HL was 0.07‰ (5 neonates). The statistical data showed that risk factors, including craniofacial anomalies, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, family history and advanced maternal age (AMA), could be associated with congenital HL. Additionally, exchange transfusion, assisted ventilation and NICU admission, these three factors could be associated with congenital sensorineural HL (SNHL). Risk factors including craniofacial anomalies, NICU admission, family history and AMA might be contributed to congenital conductive HL(CHL).
Conclusion:
There were several common risk factors could be contributed to congenital HL, which were consistent with previous studies. However, some risk factors were no longer causing congenital HL due to the improvement of medical treatment and prenatal care. This study has not only helped explain the status quo of the prevalence of congenital HL in China but also laid foundation for future studies.
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