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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Detecting the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi, in Ticks Using Nested PCR
Published on: February 4, 2018
Lyme Arthritis
Sheila L Arvikar1, Allen C Steere1
1Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY149 Room 8301, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
Abstract:
Arthritis is the most common late manifestation of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in the United States, usually beginning months after the tick bite. In most patients with Lyme arthritis (LA) today, arthritis is the presenting manifestation of the disease. Patients have swelling and pain in one or a few large joints, especially the knee. Serologic testing is the mainstay of diagnosis. Responses to antibiotic treatment are generally excellent, although a small percentage of patients have persistent, postinfectious synovitis after 2 to 3 months of oral and IV antibiotics, which respond to anti-inflammatory therapies. Herein we review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of LA.
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