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The Trigeminal Nerve: Anatomy and Pathology.
Tomás de Andrade Lourenção Freddi1, Ana Carolina Ottaiano2, Luciane Lucas Lucio2
1Department of Neuroradiology, Hcor - Hospital do Coracao, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Co-founder NEUROSKY.med, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|September 18, 2022
Summary
This review covers trigeminal nerve anatomy and diseases. It highlights Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques for evaluating the fifth cranial nerve and associated pathologies.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Anatomy
Background:
- The trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve) is a critical sensory-motor nerve innervating the face.
- It is susceptible to various pathologies including vascular conflict, congenital malformations, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of trigeminal nerve anatomy.
- To discuss optimal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques for evaluating each segment of the trigeminal nerve.
- To illustrate the characteristic imaging findings of common trigeminal nerve diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of anatomical and radiological literature.
- Discussion of advanced MRI sequences and protocols tailored for trigeminal nerve imaging.
- Correlation of imaging findings with known pathologies.
Main Results:
- Detailed anatomical description of the trigeminal nerve's three roots and pathways.
- Guidance on selecting appropriate MRI sequences (e.g., FIESTA, CISS, DWI) for optimal visualization.
- Presentation of key imaging features for conditions like trigeminal neuralgia, schwannomas, and inflammatory demyelinating lesions.
Conclusions:
- Accurate anatomical knowledge and optimized MRI techniques are essential for diagnosing trigeminal nerve disorders.
- MRI is the primary modality for evaluating the trigeminal nerve and its pathologies.
- This review serves as a valuable resource for radiologists and neurologists managing patients with trigeminal nerve conditions.
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