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Recent Progress in Reconfigurable and Intelligent Metasurfaces: A Comprehensive Review of Tuning Mechanisms, Hardware

Yasir Saifullah1, Yejun He1, Amir Boag2

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Summary

Intelligent metasurfaces dynamically control electromagnetic waves for advanced applications. This review covers tuning, hardware, and applications like reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) for 6G networks.

Keywords:
intelligent metasurfacesmachine learningreconfigurable intelligent surfacessimultaneous transmission and reflectionsixth-generationspace-time modulationtunable

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Intelligent metasurfaces offer dynamic electromagnetic wave manipulation.
  • Active elements enable multifunctional characteristics and novel device potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in intelligent metasurfaces.
  • Focus on tuning mechanisms, hardware designs, and applications.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces (space gradient, time modulated, space-time modulated).
  • Exploration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) for 6G communication.
  • Summary of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS) for full-space EM control.

Main Results:

  • Progress in dynamic EM wave control through intelligent metasurfaces.
  • Identification of RIS as a key technology for future wireless networks.
  • Advancements in STAR-RIS for comprehensive electromagnetic field manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • Intelligent metasurfaces are crucial for next-generation communication and EM wave control.
  • Future research directions and challenges in the field are presented.