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Updated: Aug 28, 2025
Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria
Published on: May 8, 2013
Antibiogram, prevalence of methicillin-resistant and multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus spp. in different clinical
Ehssan H Moglad1,2, Hisham N Altayb3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRSS) are causing numerous forms of illness in humans ranging from mild to fatal infections. We need to investigate the resistant pattern for different clinical isolates to control the resistance phenomena. This study was designed to provide the resistance pattern of isolated Staphylococcus spp. from various clinical samples in Khartoum State and to elucidate the frequencies of Multidrug-resistant (MDR), Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan-drug resistant (PDR). Two hundred and ten bacterial isolates were from different sources (catheter tip, sputum, vaginal swab, urine, tracheal aspirate, blood, pus, nasal swab, stool, throat swab, pleural fluid, and ear swab). Isolates were identified based on their morphological characters and biochemical reaction. Antibiotics susceptibility screening was performed using twenty-three antibiotics from eighteen classes against all isolated Staphylococcus spp. following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. The result revealed that out of 63 Gram-positive isolated bacteria, 52 (82.5%) were Staphylococcus spp. with a high incidence of S. aureus 37(71.2%). Out of all Staphylococcus spp., 38 (73.1%) were Methicillin-resistant (MR). The prevalence of MDR was higher in S. aureus (89.2%) than in S. epidermidis (75%). All Staphylococcus spp. displayed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin, while all S. aureus were sensitive to daptomycin and fosfomycin. One isolate was XDR possible PDR, while no PDR was reported in all isolated bacteria. This study provided evidence for the antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) burden in Sudan and highlighted the need for a practical and functional stewardship program to reduce the unreasonable costs of antibiotics.
Insights
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species (MRSS) pose significant health risks. This study in Khartoum reveals high rates of antibiotic resistance, including multidrug-resistant strains, emphasizing the need for antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Science
Background:
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species (MRSS) cause a spectrum of human infections.
- Understanding resistance patterns is crucial for effective infection control.
- The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug resistant (PDR) strains requires investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus species isolated from clinical samples in Khartoum State.
- To elucidate the frequencies of MDR, XDR, and PDR Staphylococcus isolates.
Main Methods:
- Identification of 210 bacterial isolates from various clinical sources.
- Biochemical and morphological characterization of isolates.
- Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 23 antibiotics from 18 classes following CLSI guidelines.
Main Results:
- Out of 63 Gram-positive isolates, 52 (82.5%) were Staphylococcus spp., with Staphylococcus aureus being most common (71.2%).
- Methicillin resistance (MR) was observed in 73.1% of Staphylococcus isolates.
- High MDR prevalence was noted in S. aureus (89.2%) and S. epidermidis (75%). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin; S. aureus showed sensitivity to daptomycin and fosfomycin.
Conclusions:
- The study highlights a significant antimicrobial resistance burden in Sudan.
- There is an urgent need for practical and functional antimicrobial stewardship programs.
- Effective strategies are required to combat the rising threat of resistant Staphylococcus infections.
