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Horizontal gene transfer from genetically modified plants - Regulatory considerations.

Joshua G Philips1, Elena Martin-Avila1, Andrea V Robold1

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Assessing genetically modified (GM) plants involves evaluating horizontal gene transfer (HGT) risks. This review examines HGT likelihood, barriers, and regulatory frameworks for GM plant DNA, crucial for environmental release assessments.

Keywords:
GM plantsGMO risk analysisgene technology regulationhorizontal gene transferlateral gene transfervertical gene transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Genetically modified (GM) plants offer benefits but require risk assessment for environmental release.
  • Gene transfer from GM plants to other organisms, including horizontal gene transfer (HGT), is a key regulatory consideration.
  • Advances in sequencing technology suggest HGT may occur more frequently than previously thought.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated evidence on the likelihood, factors, and barriers of HGT from GM plants.
  • To review Australian regulatory frameworks for assessing HGT risks associated with GM plants.
  • To offer insights applicable to regulators and developers of GM plants globally.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on HGT in GM plants.
  • Analysis of detection methods for HGT, including next-generation sequencing.
  • Examination of legislative and regulatory frameworks governing GM plant release in Australia.

Main Results:

  • Updated evidence on the probability and influencing factors of HGT from GM plants.
  • Identification of barriers that may limit or prevent gene transfer.
  • Overview of the Australian Gene Technology Regulator's approach to HGT risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HGT is critical for the safe environmental release of GM plants.
  • Regulatory frameworks must adapt to new evidence on HGT occurrence and detection.
  • This review provides a valuable perspective for global regulatory bodies and GM plant developers.