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Factor analysis - Eating patterns among khat chewers.

Abdulrahman A Alsayegh1, Rama M Chandika1, Amal A Tubaigi2

  • 1Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|September 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study identified three main dietary patterns among khat-chewing university students in Jazan: starch-heavy, meat/fruit-focused, and dairy/vegetable-rich. Further research is needed to link these patterns to health outcomes.

Keywords:
Dietary patternsfactor analysisfood frequency questionnairekaiser criterionkhatscree plot

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Khat (Catha edulis) consumption is prevalent in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, with one-third of the population, primarily males, reportedly chewing it.
  • Understanding the dietary habits of khat-chewing populations is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize the distinct dietary patterns among khat-chewing students at Jazan University.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional descriptive analytical study involving 620 khat-chewing students.
  • Food intake data collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
  • Exploratory factor analysis, including principal component analysis and varimax rotation, used to determine dietary patterns based on 17 food groups.

Main Results:

  • Factor analysis revealed three significant dietary patterns explaining 70.2% of the variance.
  • Pattern 1 (Starch): High intake of rice, bread, pizza, potatoes, traditional foods, burgers, snacks, and hot drinks.
  • Pattern 2 (Meat/Fruit): Characterized by meat products, poultry, fish, cool drinks, and fruit.
  • Pattern 3 (Dairy/Vegetables): Associated with dairy products, low-fat/fat-free dairy, fats, and vegetables.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified three primary dietary patterns among khat-chewing university students.
  • Future research should investigate the correlation between these identified dietary patterns and the students' health status.
  • This understanding is essential for developing targeted dietary interventions for this population.