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An Epidemiological Investigation to evaluate the link between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19

Shruti Singh1, Nirav Nimavat2, Chandramani Singh3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS Patna, Bihar, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|September 19, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Vitamin D deficiency was linked to COVID-19 in bivariate analysis, but no significant difference in mean levels was found between cases and controls. Further research is needed to confirm causality.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presents a global health challenge with varied responses to treatments.
  • Vitamin D, known for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, is being investigated for its role in viral respiratory infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection.
  • To identify risk factors associated with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based case-control study involving 360 participants (156 COVID-19 positive, 204 COVID-19 negative).
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical history (alcohol, smoking), and serum vitamin D levels.
  • Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in mean serum vitamin D levels was observed between COVID-19 cases and controls.
  • Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations between COVID-19 and advanced age, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Serum vitamin D status may potentially mitigate the impact of COVID-19.
  • More research is necessary to establish a definitive causal relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19 outcomes.
Keywords:
COVID-19Case-control studypreventiontreatmentvitamin D

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