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Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Sample Handling01:02

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Transportation of samples from the collection point to the laboratory, as well as storage and preservation techniques, are crucial for maintaining sample integrity and ensuring accurate and reliable test results.
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Preservatives in Pharmaceuticals: Are They Really Safe?

Mohit Kumar1, Shruti Chopra2, Uttam Kumar Mandal1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab - 151 001, India.

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Preservatives extend product shelf life by inhibiting degradation and microbial growth. This review details preservative types, efficacy factors, and crucial safety considerations for appropriate use.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Preservatives are essential additives that extend the shelf life of products like medicines and food.
  • They function by slowing degradation or preventing microbial growth, thereby enhancing product longevity.
  • Preservatives are categorized based on their mechanism of action, source, or chemical properties.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on various preservative types and their applications.
  • It examines factors influencing preservation efficacy, including interactions, container types, and pH.
  • The safety aspects and maximum safe concentrations of preservatives are critically evaluated.

Key Points:

  • Preservation efficacy is influenced by interactions with other product components, preservative nature, container material, microbial type, and pH.
  • While vital, preservatives can pose risks if not utilized correctly.
  • Understanding safe concentration levels is key to developing safe and low-toxicity formulations.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides an updated overview of different preservative classifications and their safety profiles.
  • It emphasizes the importance of appropriate usage and highlights maximum safe concentrations for formulation development.
  • The findings aim to guide the selection and application of preservatives for enhanced product safety and stability.