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Older adults show overexaggerated and larger noise-related degradation in their neural tracking of speech.

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Brainstem speech encoding is dynamically shaped online by fluctuations in cortical α state.

Jesyin Lai1, Caitlin N Price2, Gavin M Bidelman3

  • 1Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; Diagnostic Imaging Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Neuroimage
|September 19, 2022
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Summary

The brainstem

Keywords:
Attention and arousalCorticalEEGFrequency-following responses

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Animal studies show cortical neurons influence brainstem auditory processing.
  • The role of the descending auditory system in human speech perception is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the corticofugal auditory system in human speech perception.
  • To determine if cortical states modulate brainstem speech processing during attention-demanding tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure brain activity in humans during speech identification tasks in noise.
  • Speech-evoked brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) were analyzed in relation to cortical alpha (α) power.

Main Results:

  • Lower cortical α power was associated with weaker brainstem FFRs in noise.
  • Weaker FFRs correlated with slower behavioral response times.
  • Brainstem FFRs under low α states were more decodable by neural classifiers.

Conclusions:

  • Human auditory processing involves online corticofugal modulation of brainstem activity.
  • Brainstem sensory representations are dynamically influenced by fluctuating cortical states, impacting speech perception.