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Selenium status and type 2 diabetes risk.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining optimal selenium (Se) status is crucial for health. Both low and high Se intake may increase type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk, highlighting the need for balanced Se nutrition.

Keywords:
SeleniumSelenoproteinType 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry and metabolic health.

Background:

  • Optimal selenium (Se) status is essential for human health, influencing numerous metabolic processes.
  • Se is a component of selenoproteins, critical for redox functions, and its levels are affected by diet, age, sex, and health.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between suboptimal Se status and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current research on the relationship between Se status and T2D risk.
  • It examines the roles of specific selenoproteins and related proteins in Se metabolism and their potential involvement in T2D pathogenesis.
  • The review considers findings from both human clinical studies and animal models.

Key Points:

  • Both insufficient and excessive selenium intake have been associated with an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Selenoproteins, integral to metabolic pathways, are directly impacted by dietary selenium availability.
  • Understanding the complex role of selenium in selenoprotein biosynthesis is key to elucidating its influence on T2D.

Conclusions:

  • The evidence suggests a biphasic effect of selenium on T2D risk, necessitating careful consideration of intake levels.
  • Further research into selenoprotein function and Se metabolism can inform public health guidelines for adequate and safe selenium intake.
  • Establishing optimal selenium levels is critical for preventing chronic diseases like T2D.