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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

5.3K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
192
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

46
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent
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Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent

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Avian Inflammatory Markers.

Raquel M Walton1, Andrea Siegel2

  • 1IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., 216 Delmar Street, Philadelphia, PA 19128, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice
|September 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article reviews clinically useful inflammatory biomarkers in avian species. Evaluating multiple biomarkers in whole blood and plasma can help detect subclinical avian diseases.

Keywords:
Acute phase proteinsAcute phase responseAvianInflammationInflammatory biomarkersProtein electrophoresis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Avian Pathology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Inflammation is a critical response to various avian diseases, including trauma, infection, and neoplasia.
  • While often nonspecific, inflammation indicates underlying pathology and can progress if untreated.
  • Clinical assessment of avian health necessitates reliable indicators of inflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available and clinically relevant inflammatory biomarkers in avian species.
  • To categorize these biomarkers based on their role in acute or chronic inflammation.
  • To emphasize the utility of these markers in diagnosing avian diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on biomarkers detectable in avian whole blood and plasma samples.
  • Categorizes biomarkers into acute and chronic inflammatory markers.
  • Discusses the varying specificity and sensitivity of different biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Identifies specific inflammatory biomarkers applicable to avian diagnostics.
  • Highlights the distinction between acute and chronic inflammatory markers.
  • Underscores the importance of considering biomarker specificity and sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory biomarkers are valuable tools for diagnosing avian diseases.
  • A combination of biomarkers may be required for comprehensive disease assessment.
  • Monitoring inflammatory biomarkers aids in identifying and managing subclinical avian conditions.