Anomalous growth of rat incisor teeth during chronic intermittent vitamin A deficiency

Rapid, synchronous and repeating cycles of marginal retinoic acid sufficiency and deficiency were produced in rats by following an established protocol. During cycles 11-15 (343-464 days after weaning), 17 of 24 rats (71%) developed tumor-like masses in the connective tissue surrounding the formative ends of one or both upper incisor teeth. The masses were composed of cords of odontogenic epithelium surrounded by a mantle of mesenchyme. Lakes of predentine, associated with foci of keratinized epithelium, were randomly distributed. On the basis of current understanding of odontogenesis, we propose that periodically disturbed differentiation of pulpal mesenchymal cells to dentin-secreting odontoblasts was pivotal to development of the masses. During deficiency, dentin secretion is impaired, the dentin wall perforates and with time the odontogenic epithelium and pulp herniate into the surrounding connective tissues. We propose that the incisal masses arose because the pulpal mesenchyme continued to grow and its secretion product, dentine, continued to be deposited (during periods of vitamin A sufficiency) in an ectopic site where functional attrition from mastication could not occur.