Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Common and uncommon presentations.

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Immunology
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting small blood vessels.
• It primarily impacts the respiratory and renal systems but can involve other organs.
• Early diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for managing GPA.

Observation:

• No single imaging finding is definitive for GPA.
• Characteristic radiological patterns exist across different organ systems.
• Imaging is vital when correlated with clinical and laboratory data.

Findings:

• This pictorial review details common and rare imaging manifestations of GPA.
• Radiological features in the respiratory, renal, CNS, orbital, cardiac, and GI systems are presented.
• Understanding these patterns aids in differentiating GPA from other vasculitides.

Implications:

• Accurate radiological assessment supports timely GPA diagnosis.
• Imaging helps monitor treatment response and disease progression.
• This review serves as a visual guide for clinicians managing GPA.