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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model
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FSH-blocking therapeutic for osteoporosis.

Sakshi Gera1, Tan-Chun Kuo1, Anisa Azatovna Gumerova1

  • 1Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.

Elife
|September 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A novel antibody, MS-Hu6, effectively blocks follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) action, showing promise for treating osteoporosis and other diseases. This durable and manufacturable antibody is ready for human testing.

Keywords:
ADMEPK/PDagingmedicinemenopausemonoclonal antibodymousepituitary hormonerhesus macaque

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Immunology
  • Pharmacology and Drug Development

Background:

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is an actionable target for osteoporosis, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Blocking FSH action has demonstrated therapeutic potential in preclinical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of MS-Hu6, a first-in-class humanized FSH-blocking antibody.
  • To assess MS-Hu6's potential for preventing and treating osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant platform for efficacy and safety studies.
  • Conducted biodistribution studies with 89Zr-labeled MS-Hu6 in mice and monkeys.
  • Optimized formulation using protein thermal shift assay and assessed immunogenicity via ELISpot assays.

Main Results:

  • MS-Hu6 demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating osteoporosis in mice.
  • Biodistribution studies showed localization to bone and bone marrow with a long half-life (7.5 days) in humanized mice.
  • The antibody formulation was stable, and MS-Hu6 showed no significant immunogenicity in preclinical assays.

Conclusions:

  • MS-Hu6 is an efficacious, durable, and manufacturable FSH-blocking antibody.
  • The preclinical data support the advancement of MS-Hu6 for human clinical trials.
  • MS-Hu6 represents a promising therapeutic candidate for FSH-targeted diseases.