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Related Experiment Video

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Highly Multiplexed Serology for Nonhuman Mammals.

Alexa Schuettenberg1, Alejandra Piña1, Morgan Metrailer1

  • 1The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona Universitygrid.261120.6, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.

Microbiology Spectrum
|September 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Understanding animal viruses is key to preventing future pandemics. This study shows how to use antibody tests in many mammal species to track viruses that could spread to humans.

Keywords:
FLISAPepSeqaichivirusantibodiescoronavirusemerging viruseserbovirushighly multiplexed serologymammalspestivirusesserologyvirosphere

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases pose a significant threat, often originating from animal viruses transmitted to humans.
  • Characterizing the animal virosphere is crucial for pandemic preparedness.
  • Molecular assays detect active infections, but serological assays detect long-lived antibody responses, offering a complementary approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate commercial immunoglobulin-binding proteins (Protein A and G) for highly multiplexed serology in 25 mammal species.
  • To describe a competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) for selecting optimal capture proteins.
  • To enable broader characterization of the animal virosphere using antibody profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Highly multiplexed serology using <1 μL of blood to assess thousands of antigens simultaneously.
  • Evaluation of Protein A and Protein G as capture reagents for antibody detection.
  • Development and application of a competitive FLISA for reagent selection.

Main Results:

  • Commercial antibody-binding reagents facilitate highly multiplexed serology across diverse mammalian species.
  • A competitive FLISA efficiently identifies the best capture protein for specific host species.
  • This approach enables the study of antibody-binding profiles in various animal populations.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial reagents and FLISA are effective tools for characterizing the animal virosphere.
  • Understanding viral exposure history in animals is vital for predicting and preventing zoonotic spillover.
  • This work expands the application of advanced serological techniques to non-human mammals, aiding in global health security.