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Effects of Hypertension on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders

Joseph E Malone1, Mohamed I Elkasaby1, Alan J Lerner2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Current Hypertension Reports
|September 20, 2022
PubMed

Insights

High blood pressure (hypertension) contributes to cognitive decline. Treating hypertension with various medications shows promise for improving cognition in dementia patients, though no single drug is superior.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a significant risk factor for neurodegenerative dementias, including Alzheimer's disease.
  • Cognitive impairment is increasingly linked to elevated blood pressure levels.
  • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is implicated in both hypertension and cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of hypertension in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
  • To explore clinical trials investigating hypertension treatment for cognitive improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating antihypertensive agents and their cognitive outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Clinical trials suggest blood pressure reduction via antihypertensives can improve cognition.
  • Various antihypertensive classes have been studied, with interest in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.
  • No specific antihypertensive agent has demonstrated superiority in reducing dementia risk or providing neuroprotection.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for dementia.
  • Antihypertensive therapy generally shows favorable outcomes for cognitive function in dementia patients.
  • Further research is needed to identify optimal treatment strategies for hypertension in dementia.
Abstract

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseCognitive functionDementiaHypertension

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