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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

363
Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives01:22

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives

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Laxatives enhance bowel movements and alleviate constipation. They augment the stool's bulk, stimulate intestinal muscle contractions, draw water into the intestines, or soften the stool. There are five key types of laxatives: bulk laxatives, stimulant laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, and lubricant laxatives.
Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium, methylcellulose, and polycarbophil, absorb water in the intestine, increasing stool bulk and promoting bowel movement. This...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management

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Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medication.
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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupoint Massage for Treating Constipation in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Chronic Constipation in Adults.

Kerry Sadler1, Frank Arnold1, Spencer Dean1

  • 1Naval Hospital Jacksonville Family Medicine Residency Program, Jacksonville, Florida.

American Family Physician
|September 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic constipation significantly impacts quality of life. Management involves lifestyle changes, medication review, and tailored treatments, escalating to specialized testing or surgery for refractory cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic constipation affects quality of life.
  • Risk factors include lifestyle and medications.
  • Classified as primary or secondary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the evaluation and management of chronic constipation.
  • To differentiate between primary and secondary constipation.
  • To guide treatment escalation based on patient response.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed patient history and medication reconciliation.
  • Physical examination to identify potential causes.
  • Exclusion of alarm symptoms before routine investigations.

Main Results:

  • First-line treatment: fluid intake, fiber, osmotic laxatives.
  • Second-line treatment: stimulant laxatives, secretagogues.
  • Referral for specialized testing (manometry, balloon expulsion test) if initial therapies fail.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic constipation requires a stepwise management approach.
  • Pelvic floor therapy with biofeedback is indicated for dysfunction.
  • Surgery is an option for refractory cases.