Accuracy and precision of simpler and lower-cost technologies to measure the initial lean angle, step length and step...

Current technologies to measure the maximum forward lean angle, step length and velocity in a clinical setting are neither simple nor cheap. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of four live and one post-processing measurement methods compared to the 3D motion analysis gold standard. Twelve healthy younger adults recovered balance, after being released from six randomly ordered forward initial lean angles, using four different live measurement methods: LabVIEW, load cell, inclinometer and protractor. The initial lean angle, step length and velocity were also calculated in post-processing using 2D video analysis and 3D motion analysis. The LabVIEW method was the most accurate and precise, followed by the protractor, inclinometer and load cell methods. The load cell method was the most complex, followed by the LabVIEW, inclinometer and protractor methods. The LabVIEW method was the most expensive, followed by the load cell, inclinometer and protractor methods. Video analysis was sufficiently accurate and precise, equal in complexity and much less expensive than the gold standard. Simpler and lower-cost technologies to measure the initial lean angle, step length and velocity are sufficiently accurate and precise (live: protractor, post-processing: video analysis) to potentially use in a clinical setting.