The Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Case-Control...

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Gastroenterology
• Oncology

Background:

• Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of cancer mortality, with increasing incidence in non-smokers.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is implicated in various lung conditions, including asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
• This study investigates the association between GERD and NSCLC in the USA.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine if GERD is associated with an increased risk of developing NSCLC.
• To analyze this association in a US-based population using a case-control design.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective, multicenter case-control study was conducted using data from 17 healthcare facilities (2010-2018).
• Patients with NSCLC were matched with controls based on age, gender, weight, comorbidities, and medication use.
• GERD diagnosis was confirmed via ICD codes, and relevant clinical evidence. Smokers and patients with secondary lung cancers were excluded.

Main Results:

• The study included 1,083 participants, with 543 diagnosed with NSCLC.
• GERD prevalence was significantly higher in NSCLC patients (20.4%) compared to controls (11.6%).
• Multivariate analysis revealed GERD is associated with a 1.86-fold increased risk of NSCLC (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.26 - 2.73).

Conclusions:

• GERD is significantly associated with an elevated risk of non-small cell lung cancer.
• This association appears independent of GERD treatment, including antihistamines and proton pump inhibitors.
• Chronic micro-aspiration from GERD may induce lung inflammation and aberrant signaling pathways, potentially leading to malignant transformation.