Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

66
Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
66
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

9.8K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.8K
Operon Model01:23

Operon Model

93
The operon model represents a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes, enabling coordinated expression of genes involved in related metabolic or functional pathways. Operons consist of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator, with transcription regulated by repressors, activators, and small effector molecules.Structure and Function of OperonsAn operon is a cluster of structural genes transcribed together under the control of a single promoter. The promoter region...
93
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

105
Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
105
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.0K
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

3.7K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PON-Del predictor for sequence retaining protein deletions.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Proteome-Wide Analysis of Human Deletions.

Proteins·2025
Same author

ProToxin, a Predictor of Protein Toxicity.

Toxins·2025
Same author

Sequence-Based Prediction for Protein Solvent Accessibility.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

BTKbase, Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Variant Database in X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Looking Back and Ahead.

Human mutation·2025
Same author

PON-P3: Accurate Prediction of Pathogenicity of Amino Acid Substitutions.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same journal

Sentiment Analysis of Acceptance TVET Online Courses on the Skill Academy App from Google Play: Leveraging Text Mining with Comparison Machine Learning Model.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

Emotional intelligence: An important skill to learn now more than ever.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

East Mediterranean Lineage of <i>Brucella melitensis</i> in Human Isolates and Milk Samples in Oman Using MLVA-14.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

Application of K-Means Clustering for Job Applicant Analysis in Construction Firms Using R.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

The influence of self-esteem and emotional intelligence on addiction to social networks in Peruvian university students.

F1000Research·2026
Same journal

A Bibliometric Analysis of Music's Role in Promoting Well-Being in Health Science Research.

F1000Research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.5K

Generic model for biological regulation.

Mauno Vihinen1

  • 1Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B13, Lund, SE-221 84, Sweden.

F1000Research
|September 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new model, perturbation-lagom-TARAR countermeasures-regulator (PLTR), unifies biological regulation by incorporating intrinsic heterogeneity. This model explains how systems maintain or shift their optimal functional state, known as lagom.

Keywords:
PLTR modelbiological regulationdiseaselagompoikilosistherapy

More Related Videos

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.3K
Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells
09:20

Reliably Engineering and Controlling Stable Optogenetic Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 6, 2021

2.5K
A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
11:23

A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression

Published on: October 6, 2019

10.3K
Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Theoretical Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Biological regulation is complex, with existing models focusing on specific processes like gene expression or physiology.
  • A universal model for biological regulation is lacking, hindering a comprehensive understanding of system dynamics.
  • The unifying theory of poikilosis posits that intrinsic heterogeneity is a fundamental property of all biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, generic model for biological regulation applicable to all regulated systems.
  • To integrate the concepts of perturbation, heterogeneity (lagom), and countermeasures into a unified framework.
  • To explore the implications of this model for understanding biological processes and developing new therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the perturbation-lagom-TARAR countermeasures-regulator (PLTR) model based on the poikilosis theory.
  • Identification and categorization of three distinct modes of biological regulation within the PLTR framework.
  • Elaboration of the model with examples from medicine and systems biology, and discussion of non-lagom consequences.

Main Results:

  • The PLTR model successfully integrates perturbation, lagom (heterogeneity extent), and tolerance, avoidance, repair, attenuation, and resistance (TARAR) countermeasures.
  • Three modes of regulation are defined: lagom maintenance, lagom shift, and reguland regulation (irreversible shifts).
  • The model provides a framework for understanding how biological systems adapt to perturbations and maintain function.

Conclusions:

  • The PLTR model offers a unifying perspective on biological regulation, applicable across diverse systems.
  • Understanding lagom and its maintenance is crucial for biological system stability and function.
  • The model suggests novel therapeutic approaches, such as reconstituting biological processes to their lagom extent.