Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 28, 2025
05:41
Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
Published on: February 23, 2017
19.4K
Bioapatite in shark centra studied by wide-angle and by small-angle X-ray scattering
J S Park1, J D Almer1, K C James2
1The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|September 21, 2022
Summary
Shark vertebrae (centra) contain a mineralized bioapatite. Researchers used X-ray scattering to find this shark bioapatite is similar to bone but has distinct crystallographic properties, suggesting unique mechanical functions.
Area of Science:
- Biomineralization
- Materials Science
- Paleontology
Background:
- Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) have cartilage skeletons.
- Mineralization of shark centra is poorly understood.
- Bioapatite is the mineral found in vertebrate hard tissues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the crystallographic organization of bioapatite in shark centra.
- To compare shark bioapatite structure with that of bone.
- To understand the implications for mechanical properties.
Main Methods:
- High-energy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
- Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS, X-ray diffraction).
- Analysis of centra from four shark species.
Main Results:
- Shark bioapatite crystallography is closely related to bone bioapatite.
- Shark centra exhibit distinct lattice parameters (a, c) compared to bone.
- Larger nanocrystallite sizes and different D-periodicity were observed in shark centra.
Conclusions:
- Shark centra bioapatite shares similarities with bone but possesses unique structural characteristics.
- These differences likely influence the mechanical properties of shark vertebrae.
- Further research is warranted to explore these mechanical implications.
Keywords:
X-ray diffractioncentrummineralized tissuesharksmall-angle X-ray scatteringwide-angle X-ray scatteringMore Related Videos
10:06Characterization Of Multi-layered Fish Scales Atractosteus spatula Using Nanoindentation, X-ray CT, FTIR, and SEM
Published on: July 10, 2014
15.3K
14:55Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
Published on: June 24, 2018
9.3K
Related Concept Videos
01:10X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples
3.9K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
3.9K
01:09Spongy Bone
5.0K
All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
5.0K
02:18X-ray Crystallography
24.1K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
24.1K
01:08Atomic Force Microscopy
3.5K
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
3.5K
01:27Compact Bone
12.3K
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
12.3K