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Evidence-based classification in golf for athletes with a vision impairment: A Delphi study.

Niall J Hynes1, Eldre W Beukes2, Roger Hawkes3

  • 1Centre for Vision across the Life Span, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|September 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Experts found current vision-impaired (VI) golf classification systems are inadequate. A unified, evidence-based system is needed, considering more than just visual acuity (VA) for fair para-golf competition.

Keywords:
golflow visionsports visionvision impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Para-sports Classification
  • Vision Impairment Research

Background:

  • Vision-impaired (VI) golf is a global para-sport with varied classification systems.
  • Existing systems may not effectively minimize the impact of visual impairment on competition outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To gather expert opinions on the suitability of current VI golf classification systems.
  • To identify specific challenges VI poses to golf for the disabled (G4D).

Main Methods:

  • A three-round Delphi study involving 20 experts in G4D.
  • Expert consensus-building on classification system effectiveness and necessary improvements.

Main Results:

  • The panel agreed current VI golf classification systems are not fully fit for purpose.
  • Consensus that a single, international classification system is required.
  • Concerns raised regarding intentional misrepresentation of VI and the need for metrics beyond visual acuity (VA).

Conclusions:

  • Current VI golf classification systems require revision to ensure fairness.
  • Future systems should be evidence-based, specific to VI golf, and incorporate broader measures of visual impairment.
  • Further research is essential to understand the impact of different VI metrics on golfing performance.