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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Lifespan developmental changes in neural substrates and functional connectivity for visual semantic processing.

Fanlu Jia1,2, Chun Yin Liu3, Li Hai Tan2,4,5

  • 1School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|September 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive functions in the aging brain, especially reading, show changing neural patterns. Lifelong reading strengthens brain connections, suggesting visual semantic processing is resilient to cognitive decline.

Keywords:
ChinesefMRIneurodevelopmentprefrontalreading

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Human cognitive functions, particularly complex ones like reading, change with age.
  • The prefrontal cortex, crucial for higher-order cognition, exhibits significant age-related variance.
  • Previous research on aging often focused on activation changes, not network connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map lifespan changes in neural substrates for visual semantic processing.
  • To investigate how functional connectivity networks evolve across the lifespan.
  • To understand the impact of age and reading experience on brain networks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
  • 122 Chinese participants aged 6 to 74 completed semantic and font-size judgment tasks.
  • Analysis focused on both activation patterns and functional network connectivity.

Main Results:

  • A consistent left-lateralized neural system, including the left mid-inferior prefrontal cortex, was activated across all ages.
  • Two distinct age-related patterns emerged: decreasing activation strength/extent and increasing functional connectivity.
  • Older adults with continuous reading experience showed enhanced functional connections.

Conclusions:

  • Visual semantic processing demonstrates resilience against age-related cognitive decline.
  • Continuous engagement in reading throughout life enhances the functional connectivity of reading-related brain regions.
  • Lifelong reading may be a protective factor for cognitive function in aging.