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Leaching from a 3D-printed aligner resin.

Andreas Willi¹, Raphael Patcas¹, Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou²

¹Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

European Journal of Orthodontics

|September 21, 2022

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3D-printed aligners showed high conversion rates and no bisphenol-A (BPA) but leached variable amounts of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), raising potential health concerns for intraoral use.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Dental Materials

Background:

3D-printed aligners are increasingly used in orthodontics.
Understanding the chemical stability and potential leaching of monomers from these devices is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the degree of polymerization in 3D-printed aligners.
To identify and measure leached compounds, specifically bisphenol-A (BPA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), from these aligners when exposed to water.

Main Methods:

3D-printed aligners fabricated from Tera Harz TC85A were analyzed for their degree of conversion using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Leaching of BPA and UDMA was assessed by immersing aligners in distilled water and analyzing eluents with LC-ESI-MS/MS and LC-APCI-MS/MS.

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Main Results:

The photopolymerized resin achieved a high degree of conversion (approximately 83%).
Bisphenol-A (BPA) was not detected in any samples.
Quantifiable amounts of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) were detected in all tested aligners, ranging from 29 to 96 µg/l.

Conclusions:

While 3D-printed aligners are efficiently polymerized and BPA-free, the variable leaching of UDMA warrants attention.
The presence of leached UDMA, even in the absence of BPA, may pose potential health risks with prolonged intraoral exposure.