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Corn Stunt Pathosystem and Its Leafhopper Vector in Brazil.

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Summary
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Dalbulus maidis, a corn pest, is increasing in the Americas. This review details its biology, impact, and proposes integrated management strategies to control its spread and associated diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Integrated Pest Management

Background:

  • Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a significant vector of corn stunting pathogens, causing increasing economic damage in Brazil and the Americas.
  • Epidemic outbreaks of this pest are becoming more common in Neotropical and temperate regions, posing a continuous challenge for corn growers.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current scientific literature on the bioecology, population dynamics, and damaging potential of D. maidis.
  • Identifies key factors contributing to the pest's increased prevalence, including continuous cultivation, crop overlap, and use of genetically modified hybrids.
  • Analyzes the limitations of existing pest suppression strategies.

Key Points:

  • Factors driving D. maidis outbreaks include multiple corn cropping seasons, overlapping susceptible crops, and widespread use of GM hybrids.
  • Current control methods are often inefficient due to the pest's complex interactions with host plants and pathogens.
  • Understanding the pest's life cycle and pathogen transmission is crucial for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive management program integrating volunteer corn eradication, reduced planting periods, tolerant hybrids, and chemical/biological controls is proposed.
  • This review provides a decision-making guide for Brazilian and South American corn production systems.
  • Novel strategies are needed to suppress D. maidis populations and limit the spread of corn stunt disease.