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Guadalupe López-Rodríguez1, Marcos Galván-García2, Oscar Galván-Valencia3

  • 1Observatorio de Nutrición Materno Infantil, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Hidalgo, México. glopez@uaeh.edu.mx.

Salud Publica De Mexico
|September 21, 2022
PubMed
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This study analyzed newborn nutritional status in Mexico, finding 7.4% small for gestational age and 4.8% insufficient length. Identifying these birth weight and length disparities aids targeted malnutrition interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Neonatal Nutrition

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of newborn nutritional status is crucial for identifying public health concerns.
  • Understanding national and regional variations in birth weight and length is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the national prevalence of nutritional status, specifically weight and length at birth, across Mexican federal entities.
  • To identify regional disparities in newborn anthropometry to inform public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional descriptive study analyzing data from 1,907,341 live newborns in 2017 from the Subsistema de Información sobre Nacimientos (Sinac).
  • Weight and length percentiles were calculated using the INTERGROWTH-21st platform.

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Main Results:

  • The prevalence of small for gestational age (SGA) was 7.4%, and insufficient length (IL) was 4.8%.
  • Significant differences in IL, SGA, and large for gestational age (LGA) prevalence were observed by sex (p <0.01).
  • Estado de México and Yucatán showed the highest SGA prevalence (10.4%), while Sonora (15.3%) and Baja California Sur (16.8%) had the highest LGA prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Assessing nutritional status at birth is vital for pinpointing regions needing specific interventions.
  • These findings highlight the need for localized strategies to mitigate risks associated with birth malnutrition.