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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

63.2K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

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Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
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What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

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Overview
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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[Adenoviruses structure].

M El Bakkouri1, C M Fabry1, P Fender2

  • 1Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions ; UMR5233 UJF-EMBL-CNRS, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, BP 181, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France.

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Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses studied for gene therapy. Achieving atomic resolution of their capsid structure is crucial for safe and effective therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
adenoviruscristallographyelectronic microscopygenic therapystructure

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biotechnology

Context:

  • Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses extensively researched for gene therapy and anticancer treatments.
  • Current understanding of adenovirus structure, particularly at high resolution, is limited, hindering clinical trial success.
  • Structural modification of adenoviruses is essential for therapeutic applications, including tissue targeting and reducing immunogenicity.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the need for atomic-resolution structural data of adenoviruses for enhanced therapeutic applications.
  • To discuss the current limitations of electron microscopy in determining full viral structures.
  • To explain the methodology of combining known protein structures with electron microscopy data to create quasi-atomic models.

Summary:

  • Adenoviruses, despite their therapeutic potential, lack detailed structural knowledge, impacting clinical success.
  • Electron microscopy provides intermediate-resolution structures, while atomic structures of capsid proteins are known.
  • Combining these datasets allows for quasi-atomic models, aiding visualization but not full atomic resolution.

Impact:

  • Accurate, atomic-resolution models of the entire adenovirus capsid are necessary for rational design and safe implementation in gene therapy.
  • Improved structural insights can guide modifications to retarget viruses and minimize immune responses.
  • This knowledge is fundamental for advancing adenovirus-based therapies.