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Engineering efficient upconverting nanothermometers using Eu3+ ions.

Giacomo Lucchini1, Adolfo Speghini1, Patrizia Canton2

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We developed a new nanoparticle for optical temperature sensing in tiny spaces. This upconversion nanothermometry uses lanthanide ions for precise measurements, offering a stable readout.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Upconversion nanothermometry enables optical temperature sensing in microscale environments.
  • Existing methods face limitations in spectral range and heat transfer.
  • Lanthanide ion luminescence offers potential for enhanced sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel ratiometric upconversion nanothermometer using lanthanide ions.
  • To investigate the temperature sensitivity of Eu3+ luminescence activated via Yb3+/Tm3+ co-sensitization.
  • To create nanoparticles for precise temperature measurements in microfluidic and microelectronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized tridoped SrF2:Yb3+,Tm3+,Eu3+ nanoparticles (17 nm average size).
  • Utilized near-infrared (NIR) excitation (980 nm) with Yb3+ as a sensitizer.
  • Employed a ratiometric strategy based on Eu3+ ion luminescence for temperature readout.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a relative thermal sensitivity of 1.1% K-1 at 25.0 °C.
  • Demonstrated effective energy transfer from Yb3+ to Tm3+, then to Eu3+.
  • Showcased luminescence sensitive to temperature changes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanoparticles offer high thermal sensitivity for upconversion nanothermometry.
  • This approach enables the use of lanthanide ions not directly excitable by NIR light.
  • The design provides a stable readout, addressing spectral gaps in current nanothermometry.