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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Rapid Isolation of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Patient Blood Samples
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Platelet mediated TRAIL delivery for efficiently targeting circulating tumor cells.

Nerymar Ortiz-Otero1, Jocelyn R Marshall1, Bradley W Lash2

  • 1Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA mike.king@vanderbilt.edu.

Nanoscale Advances
|September 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Platelets can deliver TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) to target circulating tumor cells (CTCs), reducing their viability. This novel platelet-mediated TRAIL delivery shows promise for hindering cancer metastasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Platelets play a crucial role in promoting cancer metastasis by protecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
  • Platelet interaction with CTCs aids in tumor cell arrest and extravasation, contributing to metastasis.
  • Platelets offer a potential platform for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics to CTCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel platelet-mediated delivery system for TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL).
  • To target circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and inhibit cancer metastasis using modified platelets.
  • To assess the efficacy of platelet-TRAIL in reducing CTC viability under physiological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an "in situ" platelet modification technique to coat platelets with TRAIL.
  • Utilized a blood flow model simulating physiological shear conditions to test efficacy.
  • Assessed the viability of colorectal and breast cancer cells in flowing blood after treatment with TRAIL-coated platelets.

Main Results:

  • Platelet-mediated TRAIL delivery significantly reduced the viability of circulating cancer cells.
  • TRAIL-coated platelets demonstrated over 60% killing of CTCs from various primary metastatic cancer samples.
  • The system effectively targeted CTCs in flowing blood under physiological shear stress.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet-based TRAIL delivery is a promising strategy for targeting CTCs and inhibiting metastasis.
  • Modified platelets can serve as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents to circulating tumor cells.
  • This approach supports the use of platelets as a vehicle for novel cancer therapies aimed at reducing metastasis.