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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Diffractive dipolar coupling in non-Bravais plasmonic lattices.

David Becerril1, Omar Vázquez1, Diego Piccotti2

  • 1Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 20-364 México D.F. 01000 Mexico pirruccio@fisica.unam.mx.

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Researchers studied honeycomb plasmonic lattices made of silver nanospheres. They found asymmetric near-field distributions due to interactions between sublattices, revealing insights into non-Bravais lattice physics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Honeycomb lattices are non-Bravais lattices with unique properties.
  • Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) are collective oscillations of plasmons in ordered nanoparticles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate SLRs in free-standing honeycomb plasmonic lattices.
  • To analyze the dispersion relation and near-field properties of these SLRs.
  • To understand the role of sublattice interactions in non-Bravais lattices.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental fabrication of honeycomb lattices from silver nanospheres.
  • Measurement of surface lattice resonances.
  • Numerical simulations (e.g., Finite-Difference Time-Domain).
  • Analytical modeling of dipole-dipole interactions.

Main Results:

  • Observed and analyzed SLRs in honeycomb plasmonic lattices.
  • Demonstrated asymmetric near-field distributions attributed to dipole-only interactions between triangular sublattices.
  • Investigated the impact of varying interparticle distances on lattice symmetry and diffraction.

Conclusions:

  • Honeycomb plasmonic lattices exhibit distinct plasmonic behaviors governed by sublattice interactions.
  • The findings provide a framework for understanding and designing non-Bravais plasmonic systems.
  • Results highlight the transition between Bravais and non-Bravais lattice characteristics.