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External Ventricular Drain (EVD) Placement Using a Hands-On Training Session on a Simple Three-Dimensional (3D)

Stacey Podkovik1, Tye Patchana2, Saman Farr1

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Riverside, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new, low-cost 3D printed head model enhances external ventricular drain (EVD) placement skills for neurosurgery residents. This realistic simulation improves procedural time and accuracy, offering valuable tactile feedback for safer training.

Keywords:
3 dimensional printing3d printingexternal ventricular drainmedical educationmodel

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Simulation
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • Neurosurgery demands high precision; minor errors have severe consequences.
  • Simulation is a key method for enhancing surgical skills in neurosurgery.
  • Mastery of external ventricular drain (EVD) placement is essential for neurosurgical clinicians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel, realistic, low-cost simulation model for external ventricular drain (EVD) placement.
  • To assess the accuracy and realism of a 3D-printed head model for surgical simulation.

Main Methods:

  • A low-cost 3D-printed head model was developed using polylactic acid, featuring tactile feedback for bone layers and replaceable parts.
  • An agar gel with water simulated passage through the cortex into ventricles.
  • Neurosurgical and emergency medicine residents used the model after a didactic session, with evaluations on positioning, procedural time, and realism.

Main Results:

  • Procedural time and positioning improved for both neurosurgical and emergency medicine residents.
  • Catheter placement achieved ideal position by the third attempt for all participants.
  • Neurosurgical residents reported tactile feedback similarities to in-vivo procedures.

Conclusions:

  • A low-cost, realistic 3D-printed model effectively simulates basic neurosurgical procedures like EVD placement.
  • The model enhances procedural times and precision for residents.
  • This simulation offers a safe adjunct for teaching neurosurgical techniques, promoting early competency without patient risk.