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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

381
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
446
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

763
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

183
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Recent advances in mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems.

Panqin Ma1, Xiyu Lai1, Zheng Luo1

  • 1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China huosd@xmu.edu.cn wuyl@xmu.edu.cn.

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Mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems offer controlled pharmaceutical release. This review explores advances in systems triggered by direct or indirect mechanical forces, highlighting future clinical potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems leverage physical stimuli for controlled pharmaceutical release.
  • Unlike chemical or biological triggers, mechanical force acts as both an external and internal physiological stimulus.
  • Current research in this promising field remains limited, necessitating further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review recent advancements in mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems.
  • To evaluate systems responding to various mechanical forces, including direct (compressive, tensile, shear) and indirect (ultrasound, magnetic field) stimulation.
  • To discuss current challenges and future directions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems.
  • Categorization of systems based on the type of mechanical force applied (direct vs. indirect).
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving mechanical force-induced chemical bond breakage or physical structure destabilization.

Main Results:

  • Diverse mechanical force-responsive systems have been developed, enabling controllable drug release at a molecular level.
  • Direct mechanical forces (compression, tension, shear) and indirect forces (ultrasound, magnetic fields) offer distinct activation pathways.
  • These systems demonstrate potential for on-demand pharmaceutical release, closely linked to patient physiology.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical force-responsive drug delivery presents a highly promising avenue for on-demand therapeutics.
  • Further research is crucial to overcome current challenges and facilitate clinical translation.
  • This review provides a roadmap for future development in this innovative field.