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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
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Circular RNA Controls Tumor Occurrence and Development via Cell Cycle Regulation.

Fang Liu1, Rongfeng Qu1, Limin Yang1

  • 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.

Oncotargets and Therapy
|September 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate cell cycle and tumor growth via miRNA sponging and protein interactions. Understanding these mechanisms offers insights for novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
CDKsCKIscancercircRNAcyclinsp53

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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators in disease pathogenesis.
  • Aberrant circRNA expression in tumors disrupts cell cycle control, promoting proliferation and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review circRNA-mediated mechanisms influencing cell cycle dysregulation in cancer.
  • To highlight the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic potential of circRNAs in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circRNA expression and function in various cancer types.
  • Analysis of circRNA roles as miRNA sponges, RNA-binding protein interactors, and regulators of gene expression.

Main Results:

  • CircRNAs modulate key regulatory factors and cell cycle networks.
  • Specific circRNAs are abnormally expressed in tumor cells, leading to uncontrolled proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNAs offer unique characteristics valuable for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
  • Further research into circRNA-regulated cell cycle mechanisms can advance circRNA-based cancer therapies and diagnostics.