Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 28, 2025

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
Published on: October 10, 2020
The relationship between changes in elbow valgus laxity and forearm flexor strength during repetitive pitching
Yusuke Namiki1, Akira Saito2, Kyoji Okada2
1Department of Rehabilitation, Akita City Hospital, Akita, Japan.
Abstract:
This study examined the changes in the medial elbow joint space width and forearm flexor strength due to repetitive pitching and analysed the relationships among these factors. Thirty-one collegiate baseball players pitched seven sets of 15 pitches each. The medial elbow joint space width, grip strength, and forearm flexor strengths were measured before pitching and after each set. These parameters were compared at baseline and after pitching for each set. Additionally, the relationships between changes in the medial elbow joint space and forearm flexor strength were examined for each set. The medial elbow joint space width significantly increased after four sets compared to baseline values. Compared to baseline values, grip strength decreased significantly after one set, wrist flexion and radial deviation after six, and ulnar deviation after five. However, changes in the medial joint space compared to baseline values after each set were not significantly correlated with changes in forearm flexor strength variables. Therefore, repetitive pitching causes an increase in elbow valgus laxity and a decrease in forearm flexor strength. However, the decrease in forearm muscle strength does not explain the increase in elbow valgus laxity.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Muscles that Move the Forearm
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...

