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A comparative analysis of children born with low birthweight and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Yuki Iai1, Shuichi Shimakawa2, Miho Fukui3,4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hirakata City Hospital, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|September 22, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Japanese children born very preterm (VP) or with very low birthweight (VLBW) showed similar Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) profiles to those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, VLBW/VP children scored lower on the cancellation task.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Very preterm (VP) birth and very low birthweight (VLBW) are associated with neurodevelopmental challenges.
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impacts cognitive functioning in children.
  • Comparing neurocognitive profiles can elucidate specific vulnerabilities in these groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) profiles between Japanese schoolchildren born VP/VLBW and those with ADHD.
  • To identify specific neurocognitive characteristics of VP/VLBW children.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 50 VP/VLBW children and 18 children with ADHD, all in elementary school.
  • WISC-IV full-scale IQ, four indices, and 12 subtests were administered and compared between groups.
  • Association between clinical history and cancellation task scores was assessed in the VP/VLBW group.

Main Results:

  • WISC-IV profiles exhibited similar patterns between the VP/VLBW and ADHD groups.
  • The VP/VLBW group demonstrated significantly lower scores on the cancellation task compared to the ADHD group.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first WISC-IV profile comparison between VP/VLBW children and those with ADHD.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the link between academic performance, cancellation task scores, and the underlying neural mechanisms in VP/VLBW children.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Editioncancellation tasklow birthweightpreterm birth

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