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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Updated: Aug 28, 2025

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

IL-10-Functionalized Hydrogels Support Immunosuppressive Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Function.

Nicholas M Beskid^1,2, Elizabeth M Kolawole³, María M Coronel^1,2

¹George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

|September 22, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed interleukin-10 (IL-10) functionalized hydrogels to enhance immunosuppressive cell therapies for autoimmune diseases. The novel biomaterial delivery system improved dendritic cell function and regulatory T cell induction.

Keywords:

dendritic cells hydrogel immunosuppression multiple sclerosis tolerance

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Biomaterials science
Immunology
Cell therapy

Background:

Hydrogels offer localized delivery for cellular therapies.
Functionalized biomaterials supporting immunosuppressive cell therapies for tolerogenic applications are emerging.
The study focuses on developing advanced biomaterials for autoimmune disease treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and optimize a functionalized hydrogel for enhanced immunosuppressive cell therapy.
To investigate the efficacy of interleukin-10 (IL-10) functionalized poly(ethylene-glycol)-maleimide (PEG-4MAL) hydrogels for autoimmune disease treatment.
To support dendritic cell (DC) viability and function within the hydrogel system.

Main Methods:

Development of 4-arm poly(ethylene-glycol)-maleimide (PEG-4MAL) hydrogels.
Functionalization of hydrogels with interleukin-10 (IL-10).
Optimization of hydrogel properties to support dendritic cell (DC) viability and phenotype.
In vitro coculture experiments to assess DC-induced regulatory T cell (Treg) generation.

Main Results:

PEG-4MAL hydrogels were optimized for DC viability and immature phenotype.
IL-10-functionalized hydrogels demonstrated controlled IL-10 release and prolonged DC support.
The hydrogel system protected DCs from inflammatory damage.
DCs encapsulated in PEG-IL10 hydrogels successfully induced CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro.

Conclusions:

Biomaterial-mediated delivery of IL-10-functionalized hydrogels is a promising strategy to improve immunosuppressive cell therapies.
This approach serves as a proof-of-concept for enhancing the efficacy of cell therapies in autoimmune diseases.
The developed hydrogel system has broad potential for various tolerogenic applications.