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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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Multifarious Translational Regulation during Replicative Aging in Yeast.

Tianyu Zhao1, Asaka Chida1, Yuichi Shichino2

  • 1Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 22, 2022
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Summary

Yeast protein synthesis changes with age, impacting cell functions. Researchers mapped these translational efficiency changes in aged yeast cells, revealing key gene expression shifts.

Keywords:
Saccharomyces cerevisiaereplicative agingribosome profilingtranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Aging
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Protein synthesis regulation is crucial for cellular function and aging.
  • Global translational regulation during yeast replicative aging remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global translational regulation during yeast replicative aging.
  • To identify genes with altered translational efficiency in aged yeast cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a miniature chemostat aging device to isolate dividing aged yeast cells.
  • Performed ribosome profiling to compare translational efficiency between young and aged cells.
  • Analyzed translational efficiency changes for over 700 genes.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant changes in translational efficiency for over 700 genes during replicative aging.
  • Observed increased translational efficiency in genes related to DNA repair and chromosome organization.
  • Noted decreased translational efficiency in genes for ribosome components, transposons, unfolded protein response (HAC1), cell wall synthesis, and ammonium permease.

Conclusions:

  • Replicative aging in yeast involves widespread, gene-specific translational regulation.
  • Altered translation impacts diverse cellular functions, contributing to phenotypic changes during aging.
  • This study provides a global map of translational control during yeast aging.